Power device.



4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Patented July 22, 1913.

'f f6/Z M. C. WHITE & 0. C. DURYBA. POWER DEVICE. APPLICATION FILED DBG. 4, 1911.

M. C. WHITE L 0. C. DURYEA.

POWER DEVICE. APPLICATION FILED 1120.4, 1911.

wea/,W

M. G. WHITB& 0. C; DURYEA. POWER DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED DBO.4, 1911.

1,068,1 95, Patented July 22,1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET s.

M. C. WHITE & 0. C. DURYEA.

POWER DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED No.4, 1911.

Patented July 22, 1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

unirsi) lsra'ras Para Vr cierren.

MORRIS C. WHITE AND OTHOA C. DURYEA, OF CHICAGO, LLIINOIS.A

POWER DEVICE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patremtd July 22, 913,

serial no. 663,870.

a damper inclosed and ing, respectively,

open positions. y

The riveting machine is formed with a yoke-frame 10 suspended in the usual way upon a bail 11. On the lower jaw of. the yoke is an anvil 12, and slidably mounted in the upper jaw is a bar 13 provided at its lower end with the riveting-tool, or workperforming member, 1e. Mounted on the yoke-frame 10 is a stationary cylinder 15 surmounted by a valve-chest 16. The rear end of the cylinder is closed by a cylinderhead 17; and in the forward end of the cylinder is a -somewhat contracted opening iitted with a stuiiing-box 18 through which works a trunk-piston I19. The stemy 20 Yof the piston is connected through toggle.l mechanism 21 with the tool-carrying bar 13, in a common manner.

1n the cylinder-head 17 is a chamber 22 in open communication with, and `forming a contracted continuation of, the interior of the cylinder. The valve-chest 16 'covers a seat 23 for a slide-valve 24. -In the said seat is a port 25, communicating through a spiral passage 26 with the chamber 22; a port 27, communicating with the annular space 28 in the cylinder about the trunk portion of the piston ;V and an intermediate exhaustport 29. rEhe valve-chest has an inlet-opening 30 whichl, in practice, is connected with the line-pipe 30a extending from an air-compressor or compressed air supplier, no-t shown. Journaled in the valve-chest is a rock-shaft 31 carrying a wing or finger 32, engaging the slide-valve, and provided with an operating-handle 83. When the handle `is in an intermediate position the slidefvalve closes the three valve-A ch'est ports 25, 27, 29. When moved in one direction it opens the port 25 tothe come `pressed air-supply and exhausts from the port 27 Vthrough the outlet 29, and when turned in the opposite direction from the intermediate position it opens the port 2'Z`to i the compressed vair-supply and opens the port 25 -to the' exhaust. In the cylinderhead between the chamber 22 and passage `26 is a threaded opening 34 fitted with ,a bushing 35 forming a tapering passage, or by-passage-port 36 In the Wall of the chamber between To all whom @'25 may concern.

Be it known that we, MORRIS C. WHITE and OTHO C. DURYEA, citizens of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State loi' Illinois, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Power De vices, of which the following is a speciication.

Our object is toi provide, for attachment to a compressed-air pipe-line, or in connectio-n with a compressed-air supplying system, a cylinder and piston power-translating device adaptedv to be actuated, more especially, by the force of the compressed air, and provided with means for supplementing and augmenting the driving force of the air in the cylinder against the piston, by introducing into the cylinder, in addition to the compressed-air, a combustible mixture which in burning generates power by its own expansion and by heating the compressed air lincreases the expansive force (if the latter.

'The purpose of ourv invention is, more especially, to economize the use of compressed air in the working of machines 0r devices which it has been usual to operate by the direct force, or direct and'expansive forces, of compressed air, or other incombustible gas, alone.

Our invention is particularly Well adapt-` ed for certain types of engines, as well as for punching, shearing, forging, riveting, briqueting and pressing machines, generally; but in the present ,connection it is thought sutlicient to illustrate our improvements in the way we prefer to apply them to a riveting machine.

Referring to the drawings Figure 1 is a side elevation of a portable power-riveter with the cylinder, piston and valve-chest in section, the section being taken on line 1 in Fig. 2;` Fig. 2, an enlarged section taken on line 2 in Fig. 1, corresponding with line 2 in Fig. 3; Flg. 3, a broken plan-view of the cylinder and attendant parts, showing the cylinder head and certain of its attachments in section, the section being taken on linef in Fig. 4; Fig. 4, an elevation of the cylinder-head with certain attachments in section, the section being taken on the line 4 in Fig. 3; Fig. 5, a detached diagrammatic view of an electric igniter;- and Figs. 6 and 7, views taken lfrom line 6 in Fig. 3, show! the bushing 35 and cylm-,lOil der is a plurality of openings or passages 37, forming what may be regarded as the main communication between the passage 26 and chamber 22, and controlled by a damper-ring 38 having perforations 39 and held slidably upon its seat bjy the bushing In the cylinder-head at posite the bushing 35 isa threaded opening 40 into which is screwed a sleeve-piece 41, surrounded by anut 42V and having a flange 43 at its outer end.

The numeral 44 designatesa tank for-gasolene or other suitable volatile hydrocarbon. On the upper side of the tank is a lug or plate-extension 45 flanged to lit over the flanged end 43 of the sleeve 41 and threaded, as shown, to be engaged by the nut 42 which clamps it in place. In said lug or plateportion is aI passage 46 for air from the passage 26 to the interior of the tank 44. Fastenedl in the lug or plate 45 is a carbureter-tube 47 having a perforated tapering end extending into the taperingopening, or by-passage-port 36and fitted with a needle-.valve 48 governing its perforation and adjustable from outside the device. Communicating with the interior of the carbure'ter-tube `47A and extending downward into the tank is a supply-tube 49. The connection of the lug or plate 45 with the sleeve 41, as described, permits the tank 44 to swing and remain horizontal as the riveterframe is turned to different angles in the vertical plane. In the cylinder-head at the chamber 22 is an opening 50 closed by a cap 51 carrying an electric igniter 52. The igniter consists of a spool of highly refractory heatconducting material surrounded by an electric resistance 'wire' 53 in circuit with terminals 54 on the cap 51. The igniter 52 at its forward side is in line with the port, or by-passage-port, 36, but back of the main cylinder charging and exhausting ports'37.

When it is desired to operate the machine, an electric current is turned into the igniter to heat the resistance wire 53 and spool to a red heat. To set a rivet the handle 33 is turned to slide the valve .24 and open the port 25 to'the compressed-air supply. As the compressed-air `flows from the passage 26 through the ports 37 it expands against the piston,fand the air passing through the port 36, 4draws gasolene, or the like, from the spray-opening in the carbureter-tube 47- and the combustible mixture thus produced passes into contact with the ignit-er 52. The burning and consequent expansion of the mixture causes it to supplement the force which the compressed-air from the main charging and exhausting ports 37 exerts against the piston and by heating said compressed-air it'augments the vforce thereof against the piston which drives the same forward and, through the power-multiplying toggle-mechanism 21, plunges the bar 13 and work-performing member 14 in the Adithe passage 26 opfrom the the consumption of compressed air, over l place, 1n or TheV combustible mixture rec'tion-of the anvil 12. During this movement of the piston air in the annular chamber-28 is exhausted; and to return the piston the handle 33 is shifted to open the port'27 to the air-supply and the port 25 to the exhaust, whereby air venters the chamber 28 and drives the piston backward, and the exhaust in the rear of the piston passes backward through the passage 26 and slide-valvel to the outlet 29.

In the present machine, as We show it, it is not intended to increase. the power applied to the piston over that of the'compressed air supplied from the pipe-line. In fact, the pressure in the cylinder for driving the piston' forward may, in practice, be more or less below that of the pipe-line air. It will be understood that the air from the passage 26 entering through the comparatively small port 36 to the chamber 22 and cylinder lwould tend initially to become lower in pressure as it expands from the port 36 and the carbureter 47 will only permit sulicient gasolene to be carried inward by the aircurrent to form a combustible mixture, which, in expanding and driving the piston, has a maximum pressure less than would entirely stop the continued inflow of air through the ports 37. This incoming air being out of the path of the incoming mixture does not interfere with the combustion of the latter; but it is heated thereby as stated, and by absorbing heat from the burning mixture it tends to prevent overheating of the cylinder and piston. The relative proportions of the compressed-air and mixture, forced into the cylinder, may be controlled by the damper 38.

It will be understood that .the expansion of fluid in the cylinder retards the inflow 105 passage 26, and a great savingin what would otherwise be necessary, is effected, and as comparatively-little gasolene, or the like, is consumed, there is a great saving over the use of compressed air alone.

As the final combustion of the mixture takes close to the cylinder, heat losses are reduced vto a minimum. By locating the ports 37l between the port 361and the piston, 115 the air entering through the `former will have no coolin influence upon the igniter.

burns while entering through the cylinder-head, the combustion being continuous during such inflow and not attended with explo-sions. Any explosions, which would of course momentarily increase the .pressure in the cylinder over that of the compressed air-supply, are carefully guarded against in the present construction; but as a' precaution to prevent injury in the event that, under any circumstances, an explosion, instead of a comparatively slow burning, of the mixture should occur, we provide in the` piston-head a port 55 closed by a spring-pressed safety-valve The resistance of the safety-valve against opening, in practice, would be incre or less in exccssoi the sure desired in the cylinder, so that in the event. of an accidental expiosion in the cylinder under any circumstances the safetyvalve will open and relieve the parts from excessive pressure.

As the compressed air from the supply pipe 30 is apt to carry moisture which may condense in its passage from the valve-chest toward the cylinder, and as it is desirable to prevent water from entering the fdel of the tank 44, we provide on the tank an outer upright tube 60, closed at the top and communicating at its lower end with the passage 46, and an inner upright tube 61 communicating at its lower end with the tanlr and at its upper end with the interior of the outer tube. Air to maintain gaso- ,lene-teeding pressure in the tank must rise from the passage i6 in the tube'tO to the top et the tube @61, so that any moisture condensed in its passage toward the tank will be prevented troni entering the latter. rllhe tube 6l. contains a porous plug 62, consisting of a cylindrical roll oi@ wire-mesh, which operates as a screen to prevent any hot products of combustion, that may enter the passage 46, from exploding the tank content.

rlhe foregoing description is intended to convey a clear understanding of our imrovements in what we now believe to be ,the best form of their embodiment, especially when applied to a poWer-riveter, and

no undue limitation should be understood` therefrom. l

lt is our intention to claim all that is novel in our invent-ion and that vthe claims shall `be construed as broadly as the prior state of the art may Warrant.

Y What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is- 1. The combination with a compressed-air supplying conduit, oi a power-device having a cylinder and piston, an air-passage extending from said conduit to the cylinder, cylinderfeed and exhaust valve-mechanism in said passage, and a'heater, interposed in said passage between said valve-mechanism and the cylinder, operating to heat, and thereby to increase the eliiciency of, the piston-driving fluid.

2. The combination with acompressed-air supplying conduit, of a power-device having a cylinder and piston, means for directing compressed-air from said conduit into the cylinder against the piston to drive the same, means between the conduit and cylinder for dividing the-compressed-air, into separate currents, means for mixing lfuel with one of said currents'to form a combusmixture, the resultant combustion operating y to heat, and thereby highest working pres- -nism andthe cylinder,

cylinder passing vtlipoiigh y air-supplying tible mixture, and means for igniting said to increase the eiiiciency of, the piston-driving luid.

3. The combination with a compressed-air y supplying conduit, of a power-device having a cylinder and piston, an air-passage extending from said conduit to the cylinder, cylinder feed and exhaust valve-mechanism in said passage, means, between said valvemecha'nism and cylinder, for dividing the compressed-air into separate currents, means for mixing fuel with one oit said currents to form a combustible mixture, igniting said mixture, the resultant combustion operating to heat, and thereby to increase the eiliciency' of, the piston-driving fluid.

a power-device having supplying conduit, of

means for directing a cylinder and piston, compressed-air y cylinder against the piston to drive the same, a combustion-chamber between said conduit and cylinder, means for dividing the compressed-air liowing from said conduit to the combustion-chamber into separate currents, means for mixing fuel with o-ne oi said currents to form a combustible mixture, and means for igniting said mixture as it enters the combustion-chamber.

5. The combination with a compressed-air supplying conduit,vo a power device having a cylinderl and piston, a passage extending from said conduit to the cylinder, cylinder feed and exhaust valve-mechanism in said passage, a combustion-chamber ,interposed in said passage between said valve-mechameans for dividing the compressed-air flowing to theco-mbustion-chamber into separate currents, means for mixing-fuel with one of said currents 4. rlhe combination with a compressed-airl and means for i from said conduit into the `to 'orm a combustible mixture, and means for ign-iting said mixture fas it enters the combustion-chamber',fthe' exhaust from the saidcombustioncvhamber andpassage.

6. Inv combinat'on with ,'a'z'pow'er-,device having a piston and cylinder, a compressedair-supplying conduit, a passa-gecommunicating with said conduit and extending to the cylinder behind the piston, cylinder feed and exhaust valve-mechanism interposed between said conduit and said passage, a carbureter interposed in said ,passage between lsaid valve-mechanism and the cylinder, an igniter in the path of the fluid flowing to the cylinder from thecarbureter, and means tor,-

'directing air in addition lto that passing through the carbureter, and simultaneously therewith, kto the cylinder, for the lpurpose set forth.. l,

7. In combination .with a power-device having a piston and cylinder, a'compressedconduit, `al main passage communicatingwith said conduit andextendingto the cylinder behind the piston, hand-op niter in the pafh of the Huid iewing to the erated va1ve-mechanism, interposed between cylinder from the carbureter.

said conduit and said main passage and MGRRIS C. WHITE.

movable to supply andexhaust the cylinder, OTHO C. DURYEA` 5 a, compressed-air by-passage-port extending Inpresence ofV from said main passage to the cylinder, a car- R. A. RAYMOND,

bui'eter interposed in said port and an ig- O. C. AVIsUs. 

